Public Suffix for Crystal

PublicSuffix is a Crystal domain name parser based on the Public Suffix List. Translated from ruby: https://github.com/weppos/publicsuffix-ruby.

Installation

You can install the gem manually:

Add this to your application's shard.yml:

dependencies:
  public_suffix:
    github: kostya/public_suffix

Usage

Extract the domain out from a name:

require "public_suffix"

PublicSuffix.domain("google.com")
# => "google.com"
PublicSuffix.domain("www.google.com")
# => "google.com"
PublicSuffix.domain("www.google.co.uk")
# => "google.co.uk"

Parse a domain without subdomains:

domain = PublicSuffix.parse("google.co.uk")
# => #<PublicSuffix::Domain>
domain.tld
# => "co.uk"
domain.sld
# => "google"
domain.trd
# => nil
domain.domain
# => "google.co.uk"
domain.subdomain
# => nil

Parse a domain with subdomains:

domain = PublicSuffix.parse("www.google.com")
# => #<PublicSuffix::Domain>
domain.tld
# => "com"
domain.sld
# => "google"
domain.trd
# => "www"
domain.domain
# => "google.com"
domain.subdomain
# => "www.google.com"

Simple validation example:

PublicSuffix.valid?("google.com")
# => true

PublicSuffix.valid?("www.google.com")
# => true

# Explicitly forbidden, it is listed as a private domain
PublicSuffix.valid?("blogspot.com")
# => false

# Unknown/not-listed TLD domains are valid by default
PublicSuffix.valid?("example.tldnotlisted")
# => true

Strict validation (without applying the default * rule):

PublicSuffix.valid?("example.tldnotlisted", default_rule: nil)
# => false

Fully Qualified Domain Names

This library automatically recognizes Fully Qualified Domain Names. A FQDN is a domain name that end with a trailing dot.

# Parse a standard domain name
PublicSuffix.domain("www.google.com")
# => "google.com"

# Parse a fully qualified domain name
PublicSuffix.domain("www.google.com.")
# => "google.com"

Private domains

This library has support for switching off support for private (non-ICANN).

# Extract a domain including private domains (by default)
PublicSuffix.domain("something.blogspot.com")
# => "something.blogspot.com"

# Extract a domain excluding private domains
PublicSuffix.domain("something.blogspot.com", ignore_private: true)
# => "blogspot.com"

# It also works for #parse and #valid?
PublicSuffix.parse("something.blogspot.com", ignore_private: true)
PublicSuffix.valid?("something.blogspot.com", ignore_private: true)

If you don't care about private domains at all, it's more efficient to exclude them when the list is parsed:

# Disable support for private TLDs
PublicSuffix::List.default = PublicSuffix::List.parse(File.read(PublicSuffix::List::DEFAULT_LIST_PATH), private_domains: false)
# => "blogspot.com"
PublicSuffix.domain("something.blogspot.com")
# => "blogspot.com"

What is the Public Suffix List?

The Public Suffix List is a cross-vendor initiative to provide an accurate list of domain name suffixes.

The Public Suffix List is an initiative of the Mozilla Project, but is maintained as a community resource. It is available for use in any software, but was originally created to meet the needs of browser manufacturers.

A "public suffix" is one under which Internet users can directly register names. Some examples of public suffixes are ".com", ".co.uk" and "pvt.k12.wy.us". The Public Suffix List is a list of all known public suffixes.

Why the Public Suffix List is better than any available Regular Expression parser?

Previously, browsers used an algorithm which basically only denied setting wide-ranging cookies for top-level domains with no dots (e.g. com or org). However, this did not work for top-level domains where only third-level registrations are allowed (e.g. co.uk). In these cases, websites could set a cookie for co.uk which will be passed onto every website registered under co.uk.

Clearly, this was a security risk as it allowed websites other than the one setting the cookie to read it, and therefore potentially extract sensitive information.

Since there is no algorithmic method of finding the highest level at which a domain may be registered for a particular top-level domain (the policies differ with each registry), the only method is to create a list of all top-level domains and the level at which domains can be registered. This is the aim of the effective TLD list.

As well as being used to prevent cookies from being set where they shouldn't be, the list can also potentially be used for other applications where the registry controlled and privately controlled parts of a domain name need to be known, for example when grouping by top-level domains.

Source: https://wiki.mozilla.org/Public_Suffix_List

Not convinced yet? Check out this real world example.

Does PublicSuffix make requests to Public Suffix List website?

No. PublicSuffix comes with a bundled list. It does not make any HTTP requests to parse or validate a domain.